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GYNECOLOGY DISORDERS

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Abnormalities Of Female Genital Tract

    Breast Disorders

    1. Painful breasts (mastitis)

    2. Fibro adenoma

    3. Benigh fibrocystic disease

    4. Breast cysts

    5. Nipple discharge

    6. Breast cancer

    7. Breast anomalies

Signs of Breast Cancer

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    You should see your doctor about:

    • New lumps
    • New lumpiness
    • Changes in the shape of your breast
    • Changes in the colour of your breast
    • Changes in the nipple
    • Discharge from your nipple
    • Puckering or dimpling of breast skin
    • Any persistent breast pain
    • Any persistent nipple or breast itching or rash.

Common Types of Benign Tumors

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There are many different types of benign tumors arising from different structures in the body. These are some of the most common types of benign tumors:

Adenomas are benign tumors starting in the epithelial tissue of a gland or gland-like structure. The epithelial tissue is the thin layer of tissue covering organs, glands, and other structures. A common type of adenoma is a polyp.

Fibromas (or fibroids) are tumors of fibrous or connective tissue that can grow in any organ. Fibroids commonly grow in the uterus. Although not cancerous, uterine fibroids can lead to heavy vaginal bleeding, bladder problems, or pelvic pain or pressure.

Myomas are tumors that grow from muscle. In the wall of the uterus, leiomyomas are often called fibroids.

    Ovarian cysts:

    An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary. Often they cause no symptoms. Occasionally they may produce bloating, lower abdominal pain, or lower back pain. The majority of cysts are harmless. If the cyst either breaks open or causes twisting of the ovary, it may cause severe pain. This may result in vomiting or feeling faint.

    Functional:

    Functional cysts form as a normal part of the menstrual cycle. There are several types of cysts:

    • Follicular cyst, the most common type of ovarian cyst. In menstruating women, a follicle containing the ovum, an unfertilized egg, will rupture during ovulation. If this does not occur, a follicular cyst of more than 2.5 cm diameter may result.
    • Corpus luteum cysts appear after ovulation. The corpus luteum is the remnant of the follicle after the ovum has moved to the fallopian tubes. This normally degrades within 5 to 9 days. A corpus luteum that is more than 3 cm is defined as cystic.
    • Theca lutein cysts occur within the thecal layer of cells surrounding developing oocytes. Under the influence of excessive hCG, thecal cells may proliferate and become cystic. This is usually on both ovaries.
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    NON-FUNCTIONAL

    Transvaginal ultrasonography showing a 67 x 40 mm endometrioma, with a somewhat grainy content.

    Non-functional cysts may include the following:

    • An ovary with many cysts, which may be found in normal women, or within the setting of polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Cysts caused by endometriosis, known as chocolate cysts
    • Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst
    • Dermoid cyst
    • Ovarian serous cystadenoma
    • Ovarian mucinous cystadenoma
    • Paraovarian cyst
    • Cystic adenofibroma
    • Borderline tumoral cysts
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PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE

occurs when a pelvic organ such as your bladder drops (prolapses) from its normal place in your lower belly and pushes against the walls of your vagina. This can happen when the muscles that hold your pelvic organs in place get weak or stretched from childbirth or surgery.

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TORSION OF PELVIC ORGAN

Ovarian torsion is a condition that occurs when an ovary twists around the ligaments that hold it in place. This twisting can cut off blood flow to the ovary and fallopian tube. Ovarian torsion can cause severe pain and other symptoms because the ovary is not receiving enough blood.

INFECTIONS

Vulvar infections include: thrush symptoms include chronic itching, redness and vaginal discharge.About one in 10 women are thought to suffer from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. genital herpes . this sexually transmitted infection (STI) causes blistering and ulceration of the infected skin.

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ENDOMETRIOSIS

Endometriosis is an often painful disorder in which tissue similar to the tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus the endometrium grows outside your uterus. Endometriosis most commonly involves your ovaries, fallopian tubes and the tissue lining your pelvis.

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    Common signs and symptoms of endometriosis include:

    • Painful periods (dysmenorrhea). Pelvic pain and cramping may begin before and extend several days into a menstrual period. You may also have lower back and abdominal pain.
    • Pain with intercourse. Pain during or after sex is common with endometriosis.
    • Pain with bowel movements or urination. You're most likely to experience these symptoms during a menstrual period.
    • Excessive bleeding. You may experience occasional heavy menstrual periods or bleeding between periods (intermenstrual bleeding).
    • Infertility. Sometimes, endometriosis is first diagnosed in those seeking treatment for infertility.
    • Other signs and symptoms. You may experience fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea, especially during menstrual periods.

ADENOMYOSIS

Adenomyosis is a condition in which the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium) breaks through the muscle wall of the uterus (the myometrium). Adenomyosis can cause menstrual cramps, lower abdominal pressure, and bloating before menstrual periods and can result in heavy periods

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    While some women diagnosed with adenomyosis have no symptoms, the disease can cause:

    • Heavy, prolonged menstrual bleeding
    • Severe menstrual cramps
    • Abdominal pressure and bloating
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ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is bleeding from the uterus that is longer than usual or that occurs at an irregular time. Bleeding may be heavier or lighter than usual and occur often or randomly. AUB can occur: As spotting or bleeding between your periods.